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1.
Guatemala; MSPAS. Departamento de Epidemiología; oct. 2018. 80 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1025066

ABSTRACT

Estos protocolos están dirigido a personal médico, paramédico y otros profesionales que realizan acciones gerenciales y operativas de vigilancia epidemiológica en los servicios de salud del país, y están divididos en varios tomos para dar a conocer y actualizar la identificación y medidas de control para diversos padecimientos a fin de continuar con el mejoramiento de las capacidades técnicas de los trabajadores de salud, que permita planificar la prestación de servicios con decisiones partiendo de un enfoque epidemiológico comprobado, para responder a los cambios de tendencias epidemiológicas y con ello contribuir al fortalecimiento de prácticas asertivas de la salud pública de nuestro país. Las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRAS), son la principal causa de morbilidad en países en desarrollo, las cuales en su mayoría suelen ser desatendidas siendo una amenaza para la supervivencia de niños menores de 5 años. Se considera que la verdadera mortalidad es subestimada por la ocurrencia de muertes en el hogar, sin tener un diagnóstico médico. Se estimó que para el año 2010, hubo a nivel global 1,071 millones de defunciones por neumonía en menores de 5 años. Del total de muertes, un 90 % se considera que ocurrió en los países en desarrollo y de estos el 50% en África.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adult , Influenza A virus/growth & development , Influenza B virus/growth & development , Pneumonia/prevention & control , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Meningitis, Bacterial/prevention & control , Epidemiological Monitoring , Respiratory System , Respiratory Physiological Phenomena , Health Surveillance/organization & administration , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Guatemala , Meningitis/prevention & control
2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144792

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Replication of influenza A virus in the respiratory tract leads to cell damage and liberation of cytokines and chemokines. The in vivo cytokine induction and modulation by recombinant transforming growth factor- β1 (rTGF-β1) has not been studied. Therefore, in the present study the effect of rTGF-β1, a potent immunomodulatory cytokine which has anti-inflammatory properties and downregulates the release of inflammatory molecules, against influenza-virus infection in the airway of mice was investigated. Methods: rTGF-β1 was administered intravenously to mice with concomitant intranasal infection of influenza A/Udorn/317/72 (H3N2) virus, and the survival rate, virus titre, histopathological changes and levels of factors regulating inflammation in the airway fluid were analysed. Result: The immune response to influenza A virus was characterized by an influx of both macrophages and lymphocytes into the lungs of the infected host. rTGF-β1 significantly suppressed virus multiplication and improved the survival rate of mice. rTGF-β1 downregulated infiltration of neutrophils and the release of inflammatory molecules, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and stimulated release of IL-10 that potentiates anti-inflammatory response into airway. Interpretation & conclusions: A generalized pulmonary inflammation does not contribute to viral clearance but represents an immunological background within which antiviral immunity operates. Treatment with rTGF-β1 reduced macrophage count and neutrophils influx in lungs of infected mice.


Subject(s)
Immune System Phenomena , Influenza A virus/growth & development , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza A virus/pathogenicity , Respiratory Tract Infections , Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics , Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
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